APPLICATION OF GLYCERIN.

Agriculture

Glycerin is used to process the seeds and seedlings. Diluted fluids of glycerin help to germinate oats and other cereals. With a view to treat plants and fruit trees they used a mixture: two parts of glycerin, one part of formaldehyde and 17 parts of water.

Paint  Industry

Glycerin is a valuable component of polishing compositions, particularly paints, used for finishing. In the process of esterification of rosin with glycerin the product to be used in manufacture of various paints is formed. Some acids in condensing with glycerin make resinous products. Glycerin 98% is used for the production of electric insulating varnishes. Production of detergents and cosmetics. A large number of toilet soaps contains glycerin, which increases the cleaning ability of the soap, gives skin white color and softens it. Glycerin soap helps to remove the coloring matters of sunburnt skin. Many varieties of transparent toilet soaps have a massive share of glycerin in the amount of 8-15%.

Production of plastics

Glycerin is a valuable part in the process of plastics and resins. production. Esters of glycerin are widely used in the manufacture of transparent packaging materials. For example, the cellophane has excellent flexibility and does not lose its properties neither in heat nor in cold. For preparation of plastic masses it is necessary to mix 4 mass fractions of glycerin, 10 mass fractions of gypsum and 1.5 mass fractions of water. From the glycerin and phthalic anhydride resin is prepared with a variety of properties. These resins are very flexible when adding oleic acid or castor oil to them. They use a composition of glycerin, protein substances, linseed oil and pigment to receive water-proof packaging materials. Polyglicerins are used to cover the paper bags used for oil storing. In order to make the paper packaging materials fire resistant they are permeated under pressure with the aqueous solution of glycerin, borax, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium sulphate and gelatin. There are many patents to receive the resins. Glycerin is treated with certain acids. The reaction takes place in three stages: the sticky mass is received at small heating and it solidifies at cooling. With further heating, the not fragile mass is formed, it is insoluble in acetone, but can be decomposed with water by boiling during 2 min. At long-term heating the resins, insoluble in acetone and other organic solvents, stable to acids, to the boiling and cold water, but decomposed by hot alkali solutions, are formed.

Textile, paper and leather industries

Glycerin is used in the textile industry in spinning, weaving, printing, dyeing and dressing. Glycerin gives tissue elasticity and softness. It is used to produce aniline dyes, solvents for paints and also as an antiseptic and hydroscopic additive to printing paint. Glycerin is widely used in the production of synthetic silk and wool. In the paper industry glycerin is used to produce vellum, parchment, tissue paper, paper napkin and greaseproof paper. In the leather industry glycerin is added to aqueous solutions of barium chloride, which is used for leathers preserving. Glycerin is one of the components of wax emulsions for tanning leather.

Food Industry

Glycerin is used to make extracts of tea, coffee, ginger and other vegetable substances, which are crushed, moisturize and treated with glycerin, then heated and extracted with water to obtain an extract containing about 30% of glycerin. Glycerin is widely used in the manufacture of soft drinks. Large companies spend more than 450 tons of highest quality glycerin a year to make an extract, which in diluted condition gives drinks " a softness." Glycerin is used in producing of the mustard, jelly, vinegar and food additives improving the quality of the finished product.

Printing and photography

Material for printing rolls is a mixture used in the form of cylinders for infliction of printing ink onto the fonts. The substance is prepared by softening in the water and the gradual heating of gelatin and high quality glue. Then they add the glycerin, sugar and some substances which stimulate hardening (formaldehydes or chromates). Molten mass is then cast in the form of rollers, which have the consistency of the india rubber after the solidification.

Medical Industry

Glycerin is widely used in medicine and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It is used for the following purposes: for dissolving drugs, for giving the pills humidity, increasing the viscosity of liquid drugs, prevention of enzymatic changes during the fermentation of liquids and drying of ointments, pastes and creams. Glycerin is an excellent solvent of iodine, bromine, phenol, thymol, tannins , alkaloids, and mercury chloride. By using glycerin instead of water, you can prepare highly concentrated medical solutions. Glycerin boric acid is obtained by dissolution of the boric asid in the hot glycerin, it is used as an antiseptic. Glycerin has antiseptic properties, so it is used to prevent infection of wounds. Antiseptic and preservative properties of glycerine are connected with its hygroscopicity, which contributes to dehydration of bacteria

Electrical and radio engineering

Glycerin is widely used in the manufacture of electrolytic capacitors, they prepare a mixture having a following composition (mass fraction in%): glycerin - 36, potato starch - 7, tetraborate ammonium - 56 and agar-agar - 1. Glycerin is also used in the processing of aluminium and its alloys. Glycerin is used in the production of alkyd resins, which are used as insulating material.

Military industry

Glycerin is used to produce nitroglycerin, which is the source for the production of dynamite, smokeless gunpowder and other explosives used for peaceful purposes, and military affairs. All over the world they annually spend more than 40 thousand tons of dynamitic 98% glycerin to produce nitroglycerin, which is 10% of world production. In addition, more than 7 tonnes of dynamitic glycerin used as non-freezing solutions in different engines, brake and heating fluid, to cool the barrels of guns.

Tobacco industry

Due to the high hygroscopicity glycerin is used to regulate the moisture content of tobacco in order to eliminate the unpleasant irritating taste. To improve the quality of tobacco one may use, for example, the composition of the following substances (mass fraction): glycerin 30-60, 100-500 invert sugar, potassium salt 3-6, sulphate zinc 2-6, Nad 4-8, saffron 1-2, water 1000. In the world production of tobacco annually they spend more than 12 thousand tons of 94% glycerin.

Links on this topic:
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Application of glycerin produced by EXON plants